Mining-induced displacement...was one of the most underreported causes of displacement in Africa, and one that was likely to increase”…conclu[ded]…report by…the Southern African Development Community…In Africa…mining is associated with human rights abuses, and even imprisonment and death, along with severe environmental devastation…Ghanaian…National Coalition on Mining...listed specific instances of…abuse…by mining companies, the police and the military. These include: violent, illegal arrest and detention of community members; torture…assault and battery…interference with…right to publicly protest…The diamond mining industry and its illegal activities...finance the war…in the Democratic Republic of Congo...effects…are the forced displacement of…people living in the mining areas, as well as the human rights abuses…includ[ing] the killing of civilians, ill-treatment of detained persons, extrajudicial executions…and recruitment of children as combatants.