Amnesty International has examined three specific points in the global diamond supply chain, starting with diamonds in the Central African Republic (CAR), moving to two of CAR’s neighbours into which some of its diamonds are smuggled, and ending at diamond exchanges in the major global trading centres of Antwerp and Dubai. CAR has been embroiled in armed conflict since late 2012. The report uses CAR as a case study to examine the diamond supply chain but looks beyond the conflict to human rights abuses in the artisanal mining sector in CAR and to other illegal and unethical practices in the diamond supply chain that cause or contribute to human rights abuses – such as smuggling and tax abuse.