"How can the world engage with China to strengthen global environmental governance?", Dialogue Earth, 18 December 2025

[...] policymakers worldwide should build on and expand government-to-government engagement with China for promoting international cooperation on various environmental issues.

[...] Global South countries can maximise benefits from continuous and strengthened engagement with China. This can be done, for example, by maintaining access to affordable clean technologies from the country, attracting Chinese investments in green industries, and collaborating on green-technology development.

[...] carefully design agreements on Chinese investment and infrastructure projects by including transparency clauses, local participation requirements and independent monitoring and grievance mechanisms.

[...] negotiate on equal footing with Chinese companies and to enforce accountability and benefit-sharing mechanisms, such as through technology transfer. Multi-stakeholder platforms bringing together governments, civil society, local communities and Chinese investors to co-design projects [...].

[...] the global research community should work to protect and reshape scientific exchange with China through clearer rules, reciprocity and transparency. [...].

[...] push for more open data-sharing, joint standard-setting and institutional arrangements that ensure Chinese technologies and expertise are adapted to local ecological and social contexts [...].