Venezuela's potential return as a global mining investment destination poses significant threats to uncontacted Indigenous peoples living in the Orinoco Mining Arc, a region rich in minerals such as gold, bauxite, coltan, iron ore, and nickel. The area is plagued by human rights abuses, including forced labour, human trafficking, and sexual exploitation, as Colombian armed groups, organized crime networks, and Venezuelan criminal syndicates vie for control of gold deposits. Indigenous communities, such as the Yanomami and Yekuana, face displacement, forced labour, and exposure to infectious diseases due to mining activities. Despite these risks, Western mining companies and financial institutions are considering the Orinoco region for mineral development. To protect uncontacted Indigenous peoples, Venezuela must establish credible human rights and environmental safeguards, legally recognize their existence and rights, identify and protect their territories, and prohibit extractive activities within protected areas. Companies considering projects in the Orinoco Mining Arc should conduct rigorous due diligence and ensure that their activities will not encroach on protected territories or buffer zones, or encourage illegal mining and settlement nearby.