Gold has emerged as the most lucrative conflict mineral because it is easy to smuggle small quantities for large profits. Armed groups use mass rape and violence to secure control of mines and strategic trading routes. More than $600 million in gold is estimated to leave Congo annually. Conflict gold mined at one of the 15 major mines across eastern Congo follows six steps in a supply chain until it reaches its final form—gold bars or jewelry. Cleaning up the trade in conflict gold is essential to finding a lasting solution to the ongoing war.