This paper builds the conceptual foundation for an action framework for conflict prevention in the context of large scale business investments in fragile environments. The framework targets multi-sectoral and multi-layered approaches to conflict prevention and risk mitigation; better uptake of the shared responsibilities but differentiated roles of business, government, and development actors; and the building of prevention capabilities...Successful risk mitigation means fewer people hurt or killed, fewer livelihoods destroyed and fewer operational disruptions. It accelerates achievement of development goals, the recovery of investments, and the realization of benefits to communities. [Refers to Barrick Gold]