On 19-20 November 2007, the Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government...as part of its project ‘Corporations and Human Rights: Accountability Mechanisms for Resolving Complaints and Disputes’...brought together a core group of expert stakeholders to consider how to improve the effectiveness of extra-judicial grievance/dispute resolution mechanisms in the business and human rights arena. Discussion was divided between two levels of non-judicial grievance mechanism: a) those located in institutions at the national, industry/multi-industry and international levels; b) those located at the operational level, specific to a corporate project or site. The debate also considered how mechanisms at these two levels do and/or should relate to each other, and what new mechanisms might be needed to fill gaps or supplement the growing ‘system’ of extra-judicial grievance processes.