Growing trend towards simplifying bureaucracy, increasing transparency...and considering the mineral value chain in socio-economic development...West African governments believe profits are not shared equitably in high price period...Engagement of host communities is critical. Provide benefits outside the immediate concession area by facilitating sustainable community development and infrastructure projects...Be transparent about revenue sharing arrangements...The Economic Community of West African States (“ECOWAS”) Directive on the Harmonization of Guiding Principles and Policies in the Mining Sector...provides that qualification for acquiring a mining right in a Member State must...include respect for the integrity of the environment, rights of mining communities...International “Best Practice” Standards And Policies [include]...UN Special Representative on Business and Human Rights, Prof. John Ruggie’s Guiding Principles... [refers to Anglo American, BHP Billiton]