Launched in 2000, the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (Voluntary Principles) are an international, multistakeholder initiative designed to assist energy and mining companies in maintaining the security of their operations globally while ensuring respect for human rights…The Voluntary Principles...provide guidelines for...Conducting a comprehensive risk assessment with regard to security and human rights issues...[E]ngaging with public security forces, both military and police...[E]ngaging with private security forces…[A]ll companies are including the Voluntary Principles in at least some of their contracts…many…conducted Voluntary Principles-related training for public and private security…[C]ompanies believe the Voluntary Principles have caused a noticeable shift in company culture regarding awareness of human rights and security issues [refers to participating companies: Anglo American, AngloGold Ashanti , BG Group, BHP Billiton, BP, Chevron , ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil,Freeport McMoran, Hess Corporation, Marathon Oil, Newmont Mining Corporation, Occidental Petroleum, Rio Tinto, Shell, Statoil, Talisman Energy]