The civilian private security services sector encompasses a wide range of activities, and regulation should extend to as many of these as is practicable to avoid loopholes, ensure accountability and maximize the contribution of private security to crime prevention and community safety...Companies should have documented and formalized standard operating procedures relating to the way security services are provided, including the...reporting of all incidents of concern, including any instance where an employee detains somebody or uses force...Any civilian private security operatives or providers who breach regulations should be held to account, and there should be appropriate mechanisms in place for the receipt and investigation of complaints by any person against civilian private security companies and staff...Appropriate training for civilian private security staff is vital in order to raise the standards of the civilian private security sector.