During our visit, we met with Government officials from [10 ministries and several regional governments]..., as well as members of parliament (Commissions dealing with indigenous peoples and with energy and mines), and representatives of the Supreme Court and the Ombudsman’s Office...In addition, we met with representatives of indigenous peoples, local communities, civil society organizations, trade unions, academia, the United Nations system, the diplomatic community, as well as business associations...and individual business enterprises... Social conflicts & human rights due diligence: When looking at business and human rights landscape in Peru, one feature that stands out is the high number of social conflicts related to large-scale business operations [particularly the mining, oil & gas, and large-scale agricultural sectors]... Environmental and social impact assessments: One main concern fuelling social conflict relates to the contamination of soils and water sources, adversely affecting a range of human rights... Concerns were raised about the ability of the current system of environmental impact assessments to prevent and mitigate such adverse human rights impacts... Prior consultation and other forms of public participation: The lack of meaningful participation and consultation with communities affected by business operations is another main source of social conflict... Human rights defenders and civic space:...People who had participated in social protests against business-related human rights impacts, explained how they faced criminal charges, and how they had been subjected to various forms of intimidation and were being stigmatized as terrorists who are against development... Access to remedy - Judicial mechanism: It was notable from our meetings with civil society groups and local communities across the country that the formal judicial system was generally presented as being on the side of the more powerful. [also reviews Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman, OECD Guidelines National Contact Point]... National Action Plan: We were pleased to learn that the Government has committed to developing a National Action Plan in Business and Human Rights.

 [refers to Petroperu, Minera Yanacocha (joint venture Newmont & Compañía de Minas Buenaventura), Pluspetrol]