Turquoise Hill Netherlands is a little-known Amsterdam-based company with three employees, no office, and not even its own mailbox. To the government of Mongolia, though, the company represents billions in taxes that it will never see. Turquoise Hill was created in 2009, five years after Mongolia and the Netherlands signed a tax treaty to avoid double taxation and boost investment in Mongolia. But in 2011, Mongolia decided to cancel the pact, arguing that it would cost the country income from one of the most lucrative gold and copper mines in the world [Oyu Tolgo]...In the Mongolia case, a big beneficiary was Anglo-ustralian mining giant Rio Tinto. Toronto-listed Turquoise Hill Resources...is 51 percent owned by Rio Tinto...the Toronto company in turn owns 66 percent of the project, with the government holding the rest...[article includes comments by Rio Tinto]