Amici agree with Respondents that the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) does not authorize U.S. courts to fashion a cause of action for violations of the law of nations occurring within the territory of a foreign sovereign. This Court has long embraced a presumption that U.S. law does not apply extraterritorially, and nothing in the ATS overcomes that presumption. This longstanding presumption applies based on the fact that the relevant conduct occurred abroad, not based on the citizenship or residence of the defendant.