The success of international human rights law has depended on its adherence to the centuries-old principle that “[t]he jurisdiction of the nation within its own territory is necessarily exclusive and absolute,” and is “susceptible of no limitation not imposed by itself.” Schooner Exchange v. McFaddon, 11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 116, 136 (1812) (Marshall, C.J.). In accord with this principle, nations have consented in trea-ties to numerous human rights obligations, to individual responsibility in specified courts for defined international crimes, and to various forms of monitoring by international and regional organizations. They have not derogated their sovereignty with respect to human rights entirely, however. In particular, they have not consented to the regulation of human rights inside their territories through private civil causes of action in the domestic courts of other nations.