In September 2021, Amnesty International released a report called 'A Double Dose of Inequality. Pharma companies and the COVID-19 vaccine crisis'. In the report, Amnesty alleges that six big pharmaceutical companies, namely AstraZeneca, BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, Novavax and Pfizer, have failed in their obligation to respect human rights by refusing to give up their intellectual property rights, share their technology, and deliver enough vaccines to poor countries.

Five of the companies named in the report (AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer, BioNTech and Johnson & Johnson) responded to Amnesty International's request for comment. The responses can be found in the Annex of the report here.