Analysing landmark cases from the fastest growing kinds of mining, the EJOLT project found that the areas contested between industry and government experts, and the affected populations, consist of: (i) the distribution of burdens and benefits of mining activities, and the struggle over knowledge and risk, given scientific uncertainties; (ii) rights in terms of environmental conservation and preserving cultural integrity, indigenous rights, and local values and visions of development; (iii) participation in decision-making on the use of local resources...