Established in 2023, “Matryoshka” is a Russian network that organises and implements disinformation campaigns. It is considered the largest and most skilled propaganda network coordinated by the Kremlin. It operates mainly on social platforms and distributes videos and articles through bots, which are disguised as real media outlets.

In June 2025, online bots have launched a campaign against Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan with harsh criticism and false claims. These campaigns have been shared via platforms such as X and TikTok - most of them having Pashinyan allegedly denying the 1915 Armenia Genocide.

A number of Armenian media outlets are actively circulating an article by Kremlin propagandist Andrey Areshev about the upcoming visit of Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan to Turkey on June 20.

Business & Human Rights Resource Centre invited X and TikTok to respond. X did not reply and TikTok did. Its response can be found below.