In November 2022, 16 Puerto Rican municipalities filed a lawsuit against Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell and other major oil companies. The plaintiffs filed the case under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). The lawsuit alleges the companies colluded in a "fraudulent marketing scheme" to publicly minimise the role that fossil fuels play in climate change. The plaintiffs are seeking damages from the 2017 hurricane season, which they assert was exacerbated by planet-heating fossil fuel emissions.

In October 2023, the defendant oil companies filed a motion to dismiss the case. They allege the plantiffs' claims of industry-wide racketeering are "far-fetched" and meritless.