In May 2023, 12 private citizens from Italy, Greenpeace and fellow green campaign group ReCommon filed a suit against Italian energy company ENI and its majority shareholders. The suit was for past and future damages for ENI's alleged contribution to climate change. Respondents claimed a lack of jurisdiction over the case.

In June 2024, the plaintiffs filed an appeal to the Italian Supreme Court for a regulation of jurisdiction, asking it to declare that it had jurisdiction over the case and that the lawsuit could proceed.

In July 2025, Italy's highest court, the Supreme Court of Cassation, rejected ENI’s motions to dismiss the lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds and ordered the case to be heard on its merits by a Rome tribunal.