"Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health", 28 June 2021.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has enormous potential for strengthening the delivery of health care and medicine and helping all countries achieve universal health coverage... At the same time, for AI to have a beneficial impact... ethical considerations and human rights must be placed at the centre of the design, development, and deployment of AI technologies...

WHO has worked with a leading group of twenty experts to identify [six] core principles to promote the ethical use of AI for health... (1) Protect autonomy; (2) Promote human well-being, human safety, and the public interest; (3) Ensure transparency, explainability, and intelligibility; (4) Foster responsibility and accountability; (5) Ensure inclusiveness and equity; (6) Promote AI that is responsive and sustainable.

... [The guidance] presents the ethical challenges identified and discussed by the Expert Group to which these guiding ethical principles can be applied: whether AI should be used; AI and the digital divide; data collection and use; accountability and responsibility for decision-making with AI; autonomous decision-making; bias and discrimination associated with AI; risks of AI to safety and cybersecurity; impacts of AI on labour and employment in health care; challenges in the commercialization of AI for health care; and AI and climate change.

The final sections of the report identify legal, regulatory and non-legal measures for promoting ethical use of AI for health, including appropriate governance frameworks. Recommendations are provided.