When they join ETI [Ethical Trading Initiative], companies commit to implementing the ETI Base Code in all or part of their supply chains. But how exactly have different member companies put this commitment into practice? Has their work on implementing the Code really made any difference to workers, and if so, how?... In 2003, ETI commissioned the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) to conduct a 3-year study that set out to answer these challenging but important questions. The study included in-depth research on the activities of 11 member companies in 5 key sourcing countries, and involved interviews with all key stakeholder groups.