Women face adverse effects from mining to a greater extent than men. This is not only through specific challenges faced by women, but also because they are left out of the many advantages that mines bring.  ActionAid Zambia has released a report highlighting the detrimental impact of mining on women. These include environmental pollution, social and cultural breakdown, increased cost of living coupled with destruction of means of earning a living and the exclusion of women...[from decision] making.  The pollution has caused respiratory diseases particularly through the release of sulphur dioxide. In the water this has contributed to skin disease and has affected the sexual and reproductive health of women...  Women are a lot less likely to be employed in mines...[but also] are more likely to lose their chance of making a living... When compensation has been provided, it has been based on the losses for men. It is also normally given directly to the men and women have no access and control over it... [refers to Mopani Mine (joint venture Glencore, First Quantum, ZCCM Investment Holdings)]