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Article

13 Feb 2023

Author:
到工人中去

中国:研究揭广西玉林制衣业女工的薪酬和权利保障状况

“社会调查报告:一座名为“裤子之都”的围城”,2023年2月13日

2020年,玉林市政府将服装纺织业列为四大千亿级产业集群(新材料,机械制造,大健康(中药材),服装制造)之一。[...]目前,仅[玉州区链接福绵区一带]就有1000多家服装制造企业 [...] 从业人员6万多人,日产服装80万件(套),年销售收入超50亿元 … 在该区域外,还有许多难以统计的代工厂和小作坊分布在城区和村庄,负责部分的代工流程和服装制作。 “福绵制造”在国内乃至国外市场知名度不断提升,产品销往全国各地及东南亚、澳大利亚、欧洲、非洲等地,是广西最大的服装生产加工基地。

[...]

需要在此说明的是,玉林的这些服装纺织业中的生产单位,无一例外是属于私营企业,国企和外企几乎不涉及。

[...]女工的工资一般都是计件工资,[...]在玉林市,按照最新标准的最低月工资应该是1300元 [...]一个普通的产业制衣女工月收入大概是2000到3000元,而一个全勤的制衣女工的月工资大概是在2000到2400元上下[...]。但实际上,如果按计时工资来计算,一个女工如果要真的赚到这2000[多]元,她需要一个月(30天)无休,一天要工作10到12个小时,这样子算下来资本家仅仅需要不到7元/小时就可以雇佣到一个拥有十数年丰富经验的熟练制衣女工。[...]

除此之外,计件工资还很好的麻痹了制衣女工群体的思维,强有力地分化了收入高的和收入低的制衣女工群体。

[...] 绝大部分女工认为,由于通货膨胀、疫情后物价上涨等因素,她们的实际工资水平在不断地下降,而劳动的强度却在不断地增加。

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