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Article

27 Apr 2020

Author:
清洁成衣运动,
Author:
清洁成衣运动,
Author:
清潔成衣運動

日本:报告指透过「外国人技能实习生计划」输入的移民工的权利被剝削

… 清洁成衣运动 (Clean Clothes Campaign, CCC) 发表名为「日本制造」报告,揭示日本时装制造业的剥削情况... 我们在距离大坂两个小时车程的岐阜县调查访问,发现移民工多数身陷债务、僱主只支付低于法定最低工资的薪金、强迫加班、以及被迫在挤迫危险的工场工作。一些个案中,工人的寝室就在工场内,卫生相对恶劣。日本政府因疫情而宣布紧急状态令,活在恶劣环境下的移民工受感染的风险大增。

日本政府在1993年开始输入移民工,解决人口老化造成的劳工短缺问题。今日的日本成衣制造业的大部份工人,都是「外国人技能实习生计划」输入的移民工。计划原意,是从外地聘请实习生,让他们在日本接受日语及技术培训,再将所学的知识带回自己国家。日本官方美其名指计划是「分享日本的知识和技术予邻近国家」,现实却是输入廉价外劳。日本劳动省的数据显示,有近七成参与「实习生计划」的日本企业违反了法规,数字惊人并持续高企。移民工不懂得日语、亦不熟悉自己的权利,导致他们很多时求助无门,无法找到适当的法律支援,纪录僱主的剥削。在调查期间,我们纪录有移民工在旺季时要每星期工作七日,每日18个小时。可是,他们每小时只领到2-300円 (2-3美元),远低于法定最低高资 754円 (7.13美元)。由于欠下逾6000美元的中介费,面对剥削,他们只能继续哑忍。

    「联合国人权理事会多年来都批评「实习生计划」存在剥削,然而日本政府依然只眼开只眼闭,没有改革这个千疮百孔的制度,加强保护移民工。移民工纾缓了日本劳工短缺的问题,日本却没有保障他们免受奴役。」CCC 东亚分部紧急呼吁干事杨政贤说…

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