" IFF’s submission to the UN Report on “Freedom of Expression and Elections in the Digital Age”, 26 February 2025

IFF made submissions to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression thematic report on “Freedom of Expression and Elections in the Digital Age”. Our submission outlines the challenges and threats to freedom of speech and expression during electoral processes in India with a focus on the role played by digital platforms.

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Internet censorship actions ranging from internet shutdowns to individual website/account blocking have been enforced in India. Instances include the internet blackouts imposed in the 2024 farmers' protest

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These orders undermine public access to information, disrupt political organizing, and weaken democratic participation. Additionally, evidence has shown how such shutdowns can escalate unrest instead of curbing it by driving up instances of violent and uncoordinated actions. This is aggravated by the limitations in accessing fact-checking tools, adding fuel to the fire.

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Platforms such as Hindutva Watch and India Hate Lab that document crimes against marginalized communities were blocked by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology “(MeitY”) in 2024 without following due process.

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X admitted to removing posts and accounts under government directives while noting “disagreement” due to the risk of penalties, including imprisonment. Such impositions force compliance and deter free speech and expression.