[PDF] Conflict and Project Finance: exploring options for better management of conflict risk
Author: Corene Crossin, Jessie Banfield - International Alert, Published on: 31 December 2005
This background paper focuses on the linkages between project finance and conflict. Project finance is frequently used to fund investments in higher-risk developing countries – particularly for large infrastructure and natural resource extraction projects. These investments are often linked to violent conflict at local and national levels due to interactions with certain structural and proximate causes of conflict, including economic underdevelopment and natural resource dependence. Even where conflict appears to be geographically far from a project, it is possible that investments, in contexts where resources are scarce, will soon become part of the conflict dynamic, boosting government access to revenue that can be used to prosecute conflict; attracting attention and demands from conflict actors; bringing migrant workers into a locality; and becoming a source of heightened competition locally.
Related companies: Anvil Mining (part of China Minmetals) AXA Barclays BNP Paribas BP Citigroup Dexia Enron Fortis Glamis Gold (part of Goldcorp) Glencore Goldman Sachs HSBC ING KBC Morgan Stanley PetroChina (part of China National Petroleum Corporation) PNC Financial Services Riggs Bank (now part of PNC Financial Services) Rio Tinto Sonangol Standard Bank UBS