...this paper seeks to examine why multistakeholder initiatives have emerged as one of the dominant regulatory approaches in recent years...The schemes referred to include AA1000, the Clean Clothes Campaign, the Ethical Trading Initiative, the Fair Labor Association, the Forest Stewardship Council, the Global Alliance, the Global Compact, Global Framework Agreements, the Global Reporting Initiative, ISO 14001, the Marine Stewardship Council, SA8000, WRAP, and the Worker Rights Consortium. [refers to Gap, Unilever, Chiquita, Littlewoods, Aventis (now part of Sanofi-Aventis), Nike, Norsk Hydro, Rio Tinto, Dole]