The mining community has long been associated with an exceptionally high prevalence of various lung diseases...High rates of HIV...and confined, humid, poorly ventilated working...conditions further increase the risk of TB among mineworkers... Living conditions on many mines are far from ideal...Overcrowded and poorly ventilated housing structures are hotbeds for the spread of TB....placing miners’ families and communities at risk...There is an urgent need for advocacy around the legal and human rights issues associated with the management of TB in the mining sector, especially where migrant labour is involved. Advocacy also needs to be directed at ensuring accountability of the institutions responsible for the protection and fulfilment of these rights, namely the mining sector and the government departments...