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14 may 2025

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By FairSquare (UK)

Underlying Causes: Unexplained migrant worker deaths in Saudi Arabia

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A FairSquare investigation into the deaths of low-paid migrant workers in Saudi Arabia suggests there is a critical absence of effective policies and processes to determine the cause of migrant worker deaths. An examination of the cases of 17 men - all from Nepal, employed in construction and other low-paid sectors, on major projects including NEOM - who died in Saudi Arabia in the last 18 months, finds serious shortcomings in the manner in which the authorities in Saudi Arabia investigate and certify migrant worker deaths.

Saudi Arabia’s migrant worker workforce grew by 40%, to 13.2 million, in the five years up to 2024. The surge in recruitment of foreign workers takes place in the context of Vision 2030, the guiding framework for Saudi policymaking, which aims to transform the country’s economy and which includes a plethora of “giga-projects”, such as the futuristic tech city NEOM…

The problem goes deeper than a simple failure to share data, however. Death certification documents issued by the Ministry of Interior in cases of deaths of non-Saudi Arabian nationals often do not reflect information contained on medical death certificates and appear to state the cause of death in all nonviolent deaths as “natural death”…

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