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Article

18 Sep 2018

Author:
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre,
Author:
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre,
Author:
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre

企业法律责任通讯 - 第28期,2018年9月

欢迎访问我们的季刊《企业法律责任通讯》。该通讯每个季度都聚焦一个特定的主题,跟踪企业法律责任领域的最新发展。本中心企业法律责任门户网站( Corporate Legal Accountability)用客观简洁的信息,覆盖世界各地有关企业活动负面影响的法律诉讼。

本期聚焦: 盘点:母公司为域外侵权行为承担责任

跨国公司——由在某国(母国)的一家母公司(有控股权)和在世界范围运营的多家子公司组成——在全球经济中占主导地位。众所周知,他们的经营活动,尤其是在子公司的经营所在国(东道国),带来了一系列负面的人权和环境影响。受经营活动影响的社区和个人常在艰难地寻求让跨国公司承担责任并获得补救。然而,如近期的判例所示,此举绝非易事,原告在寻求补救时面临着一系列法律和实际的障碍。

组成跨国公司的每一个实体通常作为一个独立的法人存在,仅受设立所在国法律的管辖。绝大多数情况下,很多总部位于北方发达国家的跨国公司,其子公司则在立法宽松,劳工和环境标准较低,管理薄弱和/或腐败盛行的发展中国家运营。由于缺失正当程序和司法独立以及执法不力,受子公司侵犯人权行为侵害的东道国受害者在寻求司法补救时可能会受到极大的限制。

由于这些障碍,受害者往往发现自己不得不在外国法院寻求司法公正——通常法院所在国正是母公司所在国,母公司在此对其子公司的运营进行全球管理。将母公司及其海外子公司一同锁定为目标可能有利于企业侵害行为的受害者。

与子公司相比,母公司可动用更多的资产对被控造成的损害进行补救,并向受害者提供真正意义上的赔偿。另一方面,法庭能更好地对受其管辖的母公司执行判决。然而,对原告而言,让外国法院确认其对域外侵权行为的管辖权却是一项艰巨的任务。

 

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