The western hemisphere is home to the largest number of indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation and initial contact in the world… Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation…are holders of human rights in a unique situation of vulnerability…Respect for the human rights of the peoples in isolation…requires a framework fully respectful of their right to self-determination… the right to health, and their right to the lands…[T]his Report presents a general introduction to the human rights situation of these peoples. It also compiles the main sources of law from the inter-American and universal human rights systems for their protection, identifies the threats to the full enjoyment of their human rights, and makes a series of recommendations to the member States of [OAS]…The IACHR considers that…due to the structural nature of the challenges, it is necessary to undertake immediate actions that contribute to protecting the rights of these peoples…