Human Rights Watch is particularly concerned about proposals for the use of mobile location data in the Covid-19 response because the data usually contains sensitive and revealing insights about people’s identity, location, behavior, associations, and activities... [G]overnments should not use or approve technologies using mobile location data to combat Covid-19 until they have demonstrated that they are necessary and proportionate to combat the spread of the disease and have enacted adequate safeguards to prevent human rights abuses. They should address the more fundamental question of whether such technologies are truly effective in curbing the spread of Covid-19 or may in fact misrepresent an individual’s risk of infection or mislead the public. They should also assess whether there are ways to combat the pandemic that are less intrusive on rights, such as privacy and freedom of movement, than deploying location tracking technologies... Human Rights Watch has considerable doubt about whether the programs using mobile location data described in this Q&A can satisfy this threshold.