On 8 February 2012 John Capel, executive director of Bench Marks Foundation & Alternative Mining Indaba wrote an article entitled: "Are mining profits ethically earned?" (published in the Independent Online [So. Africa]). This article raises serious concerns about the impact of mining on communities in Africa and on development in general. It also contained criticisms of the official African Mining Indaba conference. [includes responses from Barrick Gold, Glencore, Mining Indaba LLC (organisers of the African Mining Indaba). AngloGold Ashanti declined to respond.]