This Action Plan on Living Wages is the result of a multi-stakeholder consultation process that culminated in the European Conference on Living Wages. It provides recommendations to all stakeholder groups in addressing the challenges of working towards living wages for workers in international supply chains. The definition of a living wage used in this action plan is: a wage that meets the basic needs of workers and their families, including food, housing, clothing and other expenses, such as education, health care, and some discretionary income...Action Area 1: Transparency between the employer and employee, as well as between the supplier and buyer...Action Area 2: Freedom of Association, the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining, an d the Protection of Workers’ Representatives...Action Area 3: Buyer and Supplier PracticesThe purchasing practices of brands and retailers from importing countries may have adverse impac ts on a supplier’s capacity to pay living wages to workers...Action Area 4: Political Commitment...