Recent domestic worker laws and efforts to reform the recruitment industry have taken place in both Kuwait and Qatar. Bahrain partially incorporated domestic workers into its labour law in 2012... Countries of origin have also advanced recruitment reforms and critical pre-migration interventions over the past decade.

... exploitation remains rife, and even [workers'] most basic rights are not safeguarded...

The experiences of the women we interviewed support leading critiques of the ‘safe migration’ paradigm: 

1. Pre-departure information reaches them too late in the process... and; 
2. That the approach has limited impact when the destination country’s migration regime is rigid and “places the onus of change on the migrant themselves."