Norges Bank has given Columbia University in New York a 3-year grant to study how different sustainability factors influence profitability in the mining industry.  The grant is part of a research project initiated by Norges Bank focused on the mining of copper and gold. The mining sector has seen increased challenges related to water management, deforestation, land rights, social and regulatory issues. The research project will study how different factors related to sustainability influence profitability in the mining industry.