[M]any governments struggle to ensure that their duty to protect human rights translates into effective measures to ensure that businesses respect the rights of individuals, communities, and societies in practice…This duty extends to all organs of the State and requires governments to take all reasonable measures to investigate, prevent, punish, and redress business related human rights violations through adjudication, legislation, policies, and regulations…National Action Plans (NAPs) include State level policy documents that outline a government’s priorities, commitments, and proposed initiatives to address a specific policy area…[T]he following summary outlines such developments across a number of jurisdictions, including at the European Union (EU) level, within the United Kingdom and a number of other European countries, and within the United States…