"Rough and polished: a case study of the diamond pricing and valuation system", 14 May 2014: This report investigates the contribution of…diamond mining, to the economic development of South Africa, in terms of its contribution to the fiscal resources of government…[O]ne conclusion of the paper is that more transparency is required in order to more fully make an assessment of the development value of diamond mining…[B]ased on the information that is available on taxes paid, import and export volumes and values there exists significant discrepancies indicative of possible transfer pricing manipulation of rough diamond values.  This is due to the monopoly position of the De Beers Company and their consequent ability to designate price in various locations in the value chain and when moving diamonds across borders. Because of these discrepancies it can be plausibly suggested that the industry is not contributing the level of tax that could be reasonable expected by the citizens of South Africa...